Internal Revenue Service (IRS) · United States

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Schedule C (Form 1040), Profit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship)

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Quick answer

Schedule C (Form 1040), "Profit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship)," is an IRS attachment that sole proprietors and single-member LLCs file with their Form 1040 to report business income and expenses. You list gross receipts in Part I, deduct expenses in Part II, and arrive at net profit or loss on Line 31, which flows to your 1040 and Schedule SE. JustFill lets you fill Schedule C online free — its AI detects each line so you can type or dictate your figures and download the completed PDF.

Form: Schedule C
Issued by: Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Country: United States
Cost to fill: Free

What is Schedule C?

Schedule C (Form 1040) is the IRS tax form sole proprietors use to report the profit or loss from a business they operated or a profession they practiced as a self-employed individual. Officially titled "Profit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship)," it attaches to your annual Form 1040 and captures gross receipts, the cost of goods sold, and deductible business expenses such as advertising, supplies, vehicle costs, and home-office use. The net figure on Line 31 carries to Form 1040 and Schedule SE, where it determines both income tax and self-employment tax. Freelancers, gig workers, and single-member LLCs all rely on it. With JustFill you can fill Schedule C online free — the AI reads the form, places every line, and lets you type or dictate.

Download the Schedule C form PDF — free

The blank Schedule C PDF and its instructions are free to download from IRS.gov. Upload the PDF to JustFill to type or dictate your entries on-screen and download a completed, printable copy.

Get the official Schedule C PDF from Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

Who fills out Schedule C?

Sole proprietors running an unincorporated business under their own name or a DBA
Freelancers, consultants, and independent contractors who receive 1099-NEC income
Single-member LLC owners treated as disregarded entities for federal tax
Gig-economy and side-hustle workers (rideshare, delivery, online sellers, creators)
Self-employed professionals such as writers, designers, and tradespeople reporting business income

Field-by-field breakdown

What each section of Schedule C asks for. JustFill’s AI will detect these fields automatically when you upload the PDF — review the breakdown below so you know what to enter.

Header (Lines A–J)

Identifying info: principal business activity (A), six-digit business code (B), business name/DBA (C), EIN if any (D), business address (E), accounting method — cash, accrual, or other (F), and material participation (G).

Part I — Income (Lines 1–7)

Line 1 gross receipts or sales, Line 2 returns and allowances, Line 4 cost of goods sold (from Part III), Line 6 other income, and Line 7 gross income.

Part II — Expenses (Lines 8–28)

Itemized deductions by category: advertising, car and truck (Line 9), depreciation, insurance, rent, supplies, utilities, wages, and more, totaled on Line 28.

Line 30 — Home office

Expenses for business use of your home, figured either with the simplified method or on Form 8829.

Line 31 — Net profit or (loss)

Gross income minus total expenses. This bottom-line figure carries to Form 1040 and Schedule SE for self-employment tax.

Part III — Cost of Goods Sold (Lines 33–42)

For businesses with inventory: valuation method, beginning and ending inventory, purchases, and labor, ending at Line 42 (matches Line 4).

Part IV — Vehicle Information (Lines 43–47)

Completed only if you claim car or truck expenses on Line 9 and are not required to file Form 4562: date placed in service and business/commuting/other mileage.

Part V — Other Expenses (Line 48)

List and total business expenses that don't fit the named categories in Part II, carried to Line 27b.

Common mistakes to avoid

1Skipping the six-digit principal business code on Line B or entering a code that doesn't match the activity described on Line A, which can trigger IRS questions.
2Filing Schedule C for income that should be on Schedule E (rentals) or for a partnership/corporation — Schedule C is only for sole proprietors and single-member LLCs.
3Forgetting that the Part III cost-of-goods-sold total on Line 42 must equal the amount entered on Line 4, or double-counting vehicle costs in both Part II and Part IV.

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Form 1040

Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return

Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

Form 1099-NEC

Form 1099-NEC, Nonemployee Compensation

Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

Form SS-4

Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number (EIN)

IRS

Form 8949

Form 8949: Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets

Frequently asked questions

Yes. The IRS provides Schedule C (Form 1040) at no cost, and JustFill lets you fill it online for free — upload the PDF, let the AI detect the lines, type or dictate your figures, and download the completed form. There's no charge to fill and download it.

Download the latest Schedule C PDF and instructions directly from the IRS at irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-schedule-c-form-1040. Then upload that PDF to JustFill to complete it on your computer or phone without printing or installing software.

Yes. JustFill is a browser-based filler that works on the official Schedule C PDF, including scanned or non-fillable copies. Its AI auto-detects each field so you can type or dictate income and expense figures, then download a clean, completed PDF — no Adobe Acrobat needed.

Sole proprietors, single-member LLCs treated as disregarded entities, freelancers, independent contractors, and gig workers file Schedule C to report business profit or loss with their Form 1040. Partnerships and corporations use different forms instead.

The net profit or loss on Line 31 flows to your Form 1040 and to Schedule SE, where self-employment tax is calculated. If you claim car expenses you may also reference Form 4562, and home-office costs may tie to Form 8829.

Only if they apply. Part III (Cost of Goods Sold) is for businesses that carry inventory — service businesses skip it. Part IV (Vehicle Information) is required only if you claim car or truck expenses on Line 9 and aren't filing Form 4562 for the business.

Official source: Schedule C on Internal Revenue Service (IRS)’s website

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