IRS · Tax

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Additional Taxes on Qualified Plans (Including IRAs) and Other Tax-Favored Accounts

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What Is Form 5329?

Form 5329 is used to report and pay additional taxes on early distributions from retirement accounts, excess contributions to IRAs and other tax-favored accounts, and failures to take required minimum distributions (RMDs). It is also used to claim an exception to the 10% early distribution penalty.

Agency
IRS
Category
Tax
Form Number
Form 5329
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Who Needs Form 5329?

Anyone who took an early withdrawal from an IRA or 401(k) before age 59 1/2
Taxpayers who exceeded contribution limits on IRAs, HSAs, or ESAs
Retirees who missed a required minimum distribution (RMD)
People who qualify for an exception to the early withdrawal penalty (disability, first-time home purchase, etc.)

How to Fill Out Form 5329 — Step by Step

1

Enter your name, Social Security number, and the tax year at the top of the form.

2

Part I: If you took an early distribution, enter the total amount and any applicable exception code to reduce or eliminate the penalty.

3

Part II: Report any excess contributions to traditional IRAs and calculate the 6% excise tax.

4

Part III: Report any excess contributions to Roth IRAs.

5

Part IV: Report any excess contributions to health savings accounts (HSAs).

6

Part VIII: If you missed an RMD, report the shortfall and calculate the 25% (or 10% if corrected) excise tax.

7

Part IX: Calculate the total additional taxes owed from all parts.

8

Attach Form 5329 to your Form 1040, or file it standalone if only filing for the penalty.

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Common Mistakes to Avoid

Not entering the correct exception code in Part I — omitting the code means you pay the full 10% penalty even if you qualify for an exception
Filing Form 5329 when your 1099-R already shows the exception code and no penalty is due
Miscalculating excess contributions by not accounting for corrective distributions made before the tax filing deadline
Not filing a separate Form 5329 for each year of missed RMDs
Forgetting to request a penalty waiver (reasonable cause) when you missed an RMD for the first time

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I avoid the 10% early withdrawal penalty?

Yes, if you qualify for an exception such as disability, qualified higher education expenses, first-time home purchase (up to $10,000), or substantially equal periodic payments (SEPP/72(t)).

What is the penalty for missing an RMD?

The penalty is 25% of the RMD shortfall. However, if you correct the missed RMD within the correction window (generally 2 years), the penalty is reduced to 10%.

Do I need to file Form 5329 every year?

Only if you owe an additional tax reported on this form. If you had a qualifying early distribution but have a valid exception and your 1099-R already reflects it, you may not need to file Form 5329.

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